Pediatric Dermoid Cysts

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What are Pediatric Dermoid Cysts?

Pediatric dermoid cysts are non-cancerous growths that can occur in infants and children. These cysts appear during fetal development when layers of skin or other tissues become trapped, leading to the formation of a cyst. Dermoid cysts are typically present at birth, but they may also become apparent during early childhood. They commonly occur on the face, scalp, or near the eyebrows.

What Causes Pediatric Dermoid Cysts?

The exact cause of pediatric dermoid cysts is not fully understood. However, it is believed that these cysts occur due to a developmental abnormality during fetal development. The trapped skin or tissue layers give rise to the cyst. Dermoid cysts are not inherited and are not typically associated with other problems.

Are Pediatric Dermoid Cysts common?

Pediatric dermoid cysts are a commonly  diagnosed and treated finding, appearing in roughly 1 in every 650 children.

What are the Symptoms of Pediatric Dermoid Cysts?

Pediatric dermoid cysts are usually visible as small, painless bumps under the skin. The cysts are typically benign and do not cause any significant discomfort or health issues. However, in some cases, they may become infected or inflamed, leading to redness, swelling, and tenderness in the affected area.

How are Pediatric Dermoid Cysts Diagnosed?

A pediatrician or plastic surgeon can typically diagnose a dermoid cyst through a physical examination. In some cases, imaging tests such as CT or MRI may be recommended to evaluate the cyst's size, location, and internal structures.

Do Pediatric Dermoid Cysts Require Treatment?

While dermoid cysts are not directly dangerous, it is typically recommended that they be removed as they are unlikely to resolve on their own and have the potential to continue to grow as well as to become infected, inflamed,  and  impact the child's appearance.

What are the Treatment Options for Pediatric Dermoid Cysts?

Dermoid cysts are typically treated with surgical excision.  The exact technique is dependent upon the location and size of the cyst.  In many cases this can be performed as an outpatient procedure in which your child goes home the same day. 

What Can I Expect During and After Treatment?

 Surgical excision of a dermoid cyst is typically done on an outpatient basis with the child going home the same day of surgery.  Children typically have a mild degree of postoperative pain that improves within 24-48 hours.  Postoperative wound care is typically simple consisting of mostly application of antibiotic ointment to the incision site.

Are There any Potential Complications or Risks?

Pediatric dermoid cyst removal is generally a safe procedure. However, as with any surgery, there can be potential risks and complications, although they are relatively rare. These may include infection, bleeding, scarring, or recurrence of the cyst.